My Ideal Spouse

Marriage is the most important and difficult thing in one’s life, so we have to choose our life partner prudently. When I was a little girl, like many other girls, I had dreams of marrying a prince riding a white horse on the green pasture and seek for perfect guy. After I grew up, I realized that it is not likely to happen. As I think of my ideal spouse, many traits and qualities come to my mind. Of many qualities, I am going to give 3 most important things that I would look for my ideal spouse. First of all, my spouse should be naive.Meaning of ‘naive’ is ranging over a broad gamut, but what I mean is not to smoke, drink, etc. Nowadays many people especially the students are polluted by hazardous things, such as smoking, drinking, watching AV†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ However, I don’t like smoking and drinking. Moreover, by smoking and drinking, people’s health will be undermined and they will more likely to make a mistake. One of my neighbors was divorced. On e day, the patriarch of that family had a drinking party at the bar and he had drunk a lot at there. He drank so much that he cannot control himself. One girl worked at the bar came to him and seduce him.Unfortunately, he couldn’t resist to the allurement and made a big mistake. As a result, they have divorce. Secondly, I would like to marry a man who is faithful. I want my spouse to make me trust him that he will love me forever. Trust between each other is an important thing, once a person back down on one’s trust, it’s almost impossible to regain it. To friends, trust means friendship; to husband and wife, trust means marriage; trust is kind of relationship. For example, one day, husband came back to home late than usual, so the wife asked him the reason. Then he answered that he had a meeting. The wife was relieved after she heard this.However, the wife found the mark of lipstick on the shirts, smelled out fragrance of the women’s perfume and found th e name card of the barwoman in the pocket. She asked the husband again with those things, however, the husband was irrefutable. The trust between them was back down. They couldn’t live happily after this incident. I have named several characteristics that I would like my spouse to have, but if there is one that is more important than the rest, the belief in Christianity. Religion is important for the one who believes it, so it’s very important to have a same religion with the life partner.Most of the Christian regard strong belief in Christianity as the most important element of choosing their spouse. I do QT(quiet time- get a message from god through reading a bible) almost every day. I have imagined sharing a message of god with husband every morning, just like my mother and father do every day. My mother roused my father from sleep at 6 o’clock in the morning and had a washing up. Then, they sat in the sofa and did QT together. They lived a happy life every d ay. All in due time, I’m not ready to get married yet, but I will find the man that is close to my ideal spouse and live happily in the future.

Discuss the major components of an academic essay,outlining the role that each component plays. Essay

An academic essay is a systematic piece of writing which has a coherent and cohesion meaning. Basically, an academic essay is mainly characterized by an introduction, the body, the conclusion and the reference as shall be discussed forth with. To begin with, an introduction as stressed by McMillan and Weyers (2010: 90) â€Å"has to be the first contact that the reader makes with the author of the text.† This, therefore means it (the introduction) has to be well organized and clear, that is, short and precise to the subject matter or the topic. In support, Cleary et al (2013: 264) writes, â€Å"The introduction is the official start of your essay and introduces your reader to the subject.† Furthermore, Gamble and Gamble (2010: 371) supports the idea of the introduction being the first to impress the subject matter or points to be stressed. They further explain that, â€Å"The functions of an introduction are to gain the attention of the audience members, to make them listen to the speech.† Just like Gamble, Payne (2001) gives an emphasis on getting the attention of the audience through introducing the subject. Payne (ibid) suggests that, the introduction has to bring about the topic, that is, highlighting the audience or the reader about the subject or topic. In addition to that, Gamble (ibid) further shows that, in the introduction one of the ultimate goals to be built is rapport. This therefore, means creating or having a mutual relation of understanding with the audience. Cleary (2013: 265) suggests that, â€Å"an introduction has to explain the title as necessary: defining terms used in the title and explains the purpose in writing the subject matter.† This means, educating the audience or reader about the topic and thereby, giving adequate information relating to the subject. In addition, McMillan (i bid) gives an emphasis on the importance of the introduction being brief and, thereby explaining of the topic context. Meaning the introduction has to be clear and making the topic being clearly understood by everyone. Pritchard (2008) also highlights on the formulation of the relation between the audiences so as to deliver the information effectively. More so, Payne (ibid), further outlines that the role of the introduction is to create focusting of the major ideas of the subject matter. Again, this creates the map of the rest of the piece of work or document or speech, giving directions and highlights of what is going to happen through the course of the writing. In support, McMillan (2010:89) suggests that, â€Å"an introduction should have an explanation of how one is going to plan to address the topic in a particular text-in effect statement on intent.† Furthermore, Cleary (2013: 265) suggests that, â€Å"an introduction has to briefly state the structure of the essay by giving the main points.† This thereby gives the reader a clear picture on the title, the purpose of writing, the focus and the essay structure writes. Furthermore, an introduction should not be too difficult to understand. The use of simple language which is widely accepted gives credibility and the use of jargons it should not be used when introducing a topic. There should not be any ambiguity when introducing a topic. After the introduction, an academic essay should have the body. This, as writes Payne (2001: 416), â€Å"Is the main portion of the speech.† This therefore, means that the use of good joints of sentences is widely encouraged. This part therefore provides all the facts, evidence, critical analysis, discussion and a well built up side line of the story or the topic. As a result, the main ideas or the gist of the topic are easily attainabl e efficiently. In addition to, McMillan et al indicates that, â€Å"This section (the body) lays out the work based on the approach which one has decided to adopt in organizing the content.† This part of the essay needs to be dealt with great care, as organizing the information is crucial. Since the idea needs proper and crucial alignment, this therefore explains the importance of a good essay structure with a good planning of words and a coherent of good words in sentence construction. Clouse (2008) asserts that, the body consists of two major parts which are the topic sentence and the supporting details. The topic sentence has to present the main topic of the paragraph and announces the paragraph’s main idea, giving a map. Also, the supporting details are the evidence details provided to demonstrate the truth about the topic sentence. In other words, the body has to explain the major points, generalizing, describing or exemplifying as part of the analysis (McMillan). In addition, these authors also allude on keeping the body part as concise and clear as possible; this thereby means the body has to have less ambiguity in it. CEES (ed.) applauds that the body part of an academic essay writing has to serve the purpose of giving evidence, examples, references which relates to the topic sentence. This as a result, gives the audience a clear and a well defined picture of what is being meant by the topic sentence in play. In addition, CEES ibid points out that, th e body presents the topic sentence or the central idea supporting the thesis  statement or line of argument. In line with Cleary (2013: 135-136), paragraphs should be well constructed and of meaning and this is when sentences are arranged in such a way that they link to one another giving clarity to the reader. Such coherence can be achieved by arranging the sentences in the sequence that will best communicate the message to the reader through the inclusion of signpost words or signals which guides the reader. Also, a smooth flow of ideas makes the essay much more interesting, that is, cohesive meaning of the thoughts or ideas pertaining to the topic being discussed. Again, this uses transitions between paragraphs in order to ensure a perfect flow of ideas. However, the conclusion in an essay serves the purpose of summarizing the presentation. More so, McMillan (91) defines a conclusion as a summary of the whole piece of work. Therefore, a good conclusion has to present and clarify what has been discussed, evaluated, analyzed, and stated in the master piece (the body) party of the essay. Furthermore, Redman (2006) gives an emphasis that, proper conclusions has to revisit the key points or the main points of one’s argument, summarizing the key debates raised and try to fuse them. Therefore, the conclusion should provide a condensed version of the essay’s core argument, and restating the writer’s position in essay. Also, Cleary ibid purports that, in the conclusion, ideas not mentioned before should not be introduced as this thereby changes the focus of the conclusion. Payne ibid (2001: 424), indicates that, â€Å"Conclusion is the summarizing of the major ideas.† One does not have to review everything said in the speech, but a short piece reminds the audience of what is important. The conclusion has to serve the purpose of clarifying the issues or ideas one has just discussed. In addition to that, Cleary ibid says, â€Å"The component of a conclusion is to serve as a summary of the main points, usually referring to the thesis statement.† Besides serving as a summary, a good conclusion should be used to heighten the impact of the presentation writes Gamble (2010: 374). The conclusion must be a synthetic summary which therefore provides a platform of mutual understanding. Furthermore, it must grace the piece of work in such a manner that the major audience notes the major points or ideas of the summary as a whole (Payne). This means, a good conclusion has to be justified for recommendations. Again, a conclusion should be short, clarifying and emphasizing on the main topic of the writing, or the subject matter. Therefore, this acts as a tool in making the presentation of the rest of the topic to be well remembered through a bracing conclusion (Payne ibid). To embrace more on a good academic essay, references should be made so as to applaud the works of others (A2Z Essay). Cleary ibid (2013: 361) defines, â€Å"Referencing as a standardized method of acknowledging printed or electronic sources of information and idea that one have used in the essay, in a way that uniquely identifies their source.† Furthermore, referencing is an act of back acknowledging the works of others in any borrowed fact so as to keep the works of others safe from any plagiarism claims (A2Z). Simply put, referencing is necessary to avoid plagiarism; to enable readers to verify quotations; and to enable readers to follow up and read more fully cited author’s argument or research. On another note, reference gives proof that allows the readers or audiences to consult the source in case of confusion or furthe r discussions. Again, references acts as an assessment tool in the sense that it requires one to find reliability of the sources of the text, similarities and differences among the sources and making connection between the details (

Malaysian Economy Essay

The Malaysian economy is expected to strengthen further and projected to grow at a faster rate of 4.5% to 5.5% in 2013 supported by improving exports and strong domestic demand. In the Economic Report 2012/2013 released by the Ministry of Finance (MoF) last Friday, it said the assumption was based on the global growth that will pick up especially during the second-half of 2013 (2H13). It said that it was also premised upon the expectation of an improvement in the resolution of a debt crisis in the euro-area and stronger growth in the economies of Malaysia’s major trading partners. The Economic Report 2012/2013 was released in conjunction with the national Budget 2013 that was presented by the prime minister last Friday. It said that given that the domestic economy is expected to strengthen further in 2013; inflation is estimated to increase moderately mitigated by further capacity expansion in the economy. On the supply side, growth in 2013 is expected to be broad-based supported by expansion in all sectors of the economy. Of significance, the external trade-related industries are envisaged to benefit from stronger global growth, particularly during the 2H13. It said that the services and manufacturing sectors are expected to contribute 4.2 percentage points to the gross domestic product growth. MoF said that the prospects in the services sector are expected to remain upbeat in 2013, with the accelerated implementation with major initiatives under the National Key Result Areas and continued investment in the seven services subsectors under the National Key Economic Areas. It said that these initiatives are expected to drive the wholesale and retail trade, finance and insurance, and communication subsectors, which are expected to grow 6.8%, 5.2% and 8.2% (2012 :5.7%; 4.2%; 9.3%) respectively. On the value-added of the manufacturing sector, MoF said that it is expected to grow 4.9%, (2012 :4.2%) with export oriented industries expected to  benefit from the higher growth of global trade, while domestic oriented industries expand in line with better consumer sentiment and business confidence. MoF said that the electrical and electronic (E&E) subsector is expected to grow further, driven by higher demand for electronic equipment and parts as well as semiconductors in line with recovery in advanced economies. On the agricultural sector, MoF said that it is expected to grow 2.4% (2012:0.6%) following the recovery in the output of plantation commodities. MoF said that the production of crude palm oil is envisaged to rebound 2.5% to 18.9 million tonnes (2012: -2.5%; 18.4 million tonnes) on account of expanded matured areas to 4.44 million hectares (2012: 4.38 million hectares). On the mining sector, the report said that it is expected to expand 2.7% (2012: 1.5%) on account of higher production of crude oil and natural gas. â€Å"Production of crude oil is projected to increase 3.6% to 600,000 barrels per day (bpd) (2012: 1.6%; 579,000 bpd) due to higher regional demand,† said MoF. It added that several new oil fields are expected to start production in 2013, contributing to higher production of crude oil. On the construction sector, MoF said that it is envisaged to expand strongly at 11.2% (2012: 15.5%) with all the subsectors registering steady growth. On the domestic demand, MoF said that it is expected to grow at 5.6% (2012: 9.4%) and will remain the main driver of growth in 2013 underpinned by strong private sector expenditure. The report added that private consumption is projected to expand 5.7% (2012: 7%) on account of higher disposable income arising from better employment outlook, firm commodity prices and the wealth effect from the stable performance on the stock market following strong domestic economic activities. On private investment, Malaysia is expected to post a strong growth of 13.3% in 2013 (2012: 11.7%) attributed to the ongoing implementation of the Economic Transformation Programme projects. MoF said that public investment will continue to support growth and is expected to expand 4.2% in 2013 (2012: 15.9%) driven by higher capital outlays by the non-financial public enterprises (NFPE’s) and development expenditure by the federal government. It said that capital of the NFPEs will focus on the upstream oil and gas, transport, communication and utility industries. It added that in line with the expansion in domestic economic activities, national income in current prices is expected to increase 7.8% in 2013. The report also said that gross national savings is expected to expand strongly by 11.1%, with the private sector accounting 72.3% of total savings. On the balance of payments, MoF said that it is projected to remain favourable with current account continuing to record a higher surplus of RM71.9 billion or 7.3% of the gross national income. It said that the surplus in the goods account is projected to expand RM126.5 billion. â€Å"In 2013, exports are estimated to grow 3.9% (2012: 2.4%) supported by higher commodity exports and improving global E&E demand. The MoF said that inline with increased domestic activity as as to meet increased inputs for the manufacturing sector, imports are projected to grow at a faster rate of 5.2% (2012: 6.5%). On the services account, the report said that it is expected to improve with a lower deficit of RM8.2 billion driven by large surplus in the travel account, following expectations higher tourist arrivals. MoF said that other components in the services account are expected to remain a deficit.

Statement of purpose for geophysics masters Personal

Of purpose for geophysics masters - Personal Statement Example In reference to this, I made a decision to pursue Geological Sciences Option II, which is more involved in seismic study of the deep Earth. As of now, I can confidently articulate that my skills are ready for the job market. Moreover, the industrial attachment I attended for six months enabled me to put the theories I learnt in class into practice. The University of Texas has prepared me for the future in character and knowledge, and now I am a graduate with a first class honors degree. Pertaining to this, I am constantly motivated to increase my knowledge so that I can give more solid contributions towards making the world a better place to live through this field. For this undoubted reason, my persona compels me to make an application for a Masters Degree in Geophysics in your reputable institution in the coming days. I am fully informed of the institution’s reputation, and I have no misgivings that you will offer me a platform for this

Stereotyping Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Stereotyping - Essay Example The world perceives the African woman, a black woman as a strong hardworking woman, which makes her body to resemble that of the men. As such, the stereotype that a black woman looks more like a man than like a woman comes in comparison of the black women alongside women from other races in the world, such as their Asian and American counterparts. They argue that the black skin denies the black woman an ability to expose her beauty and glow in the sun. Contrary to this, the black skin makes a woman uglier and less feminine, hence somehow inferior to women from other races. The masculinity of a black woman also arises from her strength and ability to do things that other women from different races find it difficult to undertake, such as digging land with a hoe while in the late stages of pregnancy, giving birth the natural way without many struggles. For instance, some women fail to push their babies out naturally during birth thereby necessitating a cesarean delivery. France is perce ived as the country of love, and Paris the city of romance. As such, this perception makes the French, and especially their women, professionals when it comes to matters love and romance. this stereotype denotes that a French woman is the most romantic lover a man can have all over the world as opposed to women from other countries. Evidently, this proves the fact why most people chose to go to Paris for their honeymoon, mostly to enjoy and tap the love and romance that flows from the French women.

What difference does it make that production is capitalist production Essay

What difference does it make that production is capitalist production - Essay Example The term "Capitalist" was first used in 1848 by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels in the Communist Manifesto in the famous sentence: "Modern Industry has converted the little workshop of the patriarchal master into the great factory of the industrial capitalist"1. According to the Houghton Mifflin Company, capitalism can be defined as follow: "An economic system in which the means of production and distribution are privately or corporately owned and development is proportionate to the accumulation and reinvestment of profits gained in a free market."2 The capitalist production is a system where the owners of money capital - referred as capitalists - hire labor to work in the production process. The capitalists gather within a corporation where they own shares. The decision process can be made by only one of them - commonly the one that owns the largest amount of shares - or they can appoint a manager who will take the decisions regarding the production for them. The output produced as well as the fixed and circulating capital goods used in the production and the residual of the value of output over total costs, including labor costs belong to the capitalists. As the capitalist process is based on the amount of capital, if the capitalists need additional capital - more than what they own - they can borrow from lenders and retain a part of the profit from previous years to use it as capital this year. Cooperative Production Even though Karl Marx was historically the first opponent to capitalism, he's the one in the Capital3 who gave the best explanation of its mechanisms. He also provided an alternative to the capital based mode of production: cooperatives. He did not actually present this alternative as we know it today but gave the main grouds of its creation. It is why usually cooperatives are associated with socialist and communist regimes. It is Robert Owen, a Welshman, who is the known creator of the cooperative movement in the nineteenth century. The most common definition of a cooperative is an organization which is owned by and operated for the benefit of those using its services.4 In other words a group of workers gather in order to set up a production process. Each of them participates in the production process, has shares and voting rights. In a cooperative, workers make common decisions or choose a manager to take the decisions regarding the production process. As in the capitalist production, the members of a cooperative can borrow money from lenders if they can not provide a sufficient amount of capital to the production process or retain a part of the net income from previous years to use it as capital this year. The main difference between capitalist production and a cooperative one is that the owners of the cooperative participate in the production process. They are not separated from the activity which is the case in the capitalist model. And mainly, they benefit from the entire production. They are not only paid for their labor but

Engagement of Students in the learning process Essay

Engagement of Students in the learning process - Essay Example The research concludes that all these factors play a major role in determining a student’s achievement in school. Introduction All educational institutions have the aim of promoting students achievement. There are different factors that positively or negatively affect the achievement of students. These factors can be either, social, economic, environmental or political. In students’ achievement, different individuals have to pull forces to ensure that there is success in the process. These individuals include, teachers, parents and students. This paper analyses the positive effects of different factors that affect students’ achievement. A student’s achievement is influenced by several factors such as class size, family, motivation, teacher’s attitudes, a school’s culture and gender and therefore teachers should put these factors into perspective when teaching. Individual factors that affect students’ achievement Engagement of Students in the learning process Gross (2009) states that engagement of students in the process of learning is vital in ensuring achievement. Students can engage in the learning process through submission of assignments and agreeing to teachers instructions. Another form of students’ engagement in the learning process can be seen through class attendance. A teacher acts as a guide towards students’ engagement in class. ... Teachers who ensure effective engagement of the students experience less problems in managing their classes. Students’ interests can be boosted through application of different resources that interest students (Gross, 2009). Role of motivation to students’ achievement Motivation of students has always led to high achievement among learners. There are two major types of motivation that help to promote achievement in students. These are extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation mainly involves a student’s drive or desire towards learning. Intrinsic motivation helps a student in defining the importance of achieving highly academically. This type of motivation mainly depends on a student’s goal. There are those students who work hard in their schoolwork with an aim of having a good career in future. The students will therefore put efforts towards achievement of this goal. Another type of motivation is the extrinsic motivation. This ty pe of motivation comes from the external environment of the learners. Individuals who promote this type of motivation can be teachers, parents and other students. A teacher can promote extrinsic motivation in a learner by constantly reinforcing good character. Reinforcement can be done through offering incentives like sweets, books or pens (Gross, 2009). A teacher can motivate students who perform well by offering them gifts to ensure that they maintain their performance. Poor performers on the other hand, can be encouraged to perform well by constantly complementing them whenever they make an improvement. Teachers’ effectiveness towards students’ achievement Students’ performance can be used to assess teachers’

MGT 5A1 Principles of Human Resources Assessment Task Specifications Essay

MGT 5A1 Principles of Human Resources Assessment Task Specifications On this module the formative activities (developmental, pr - Essay Example The role of human resource in managing the employees plays a major role in the success of the business (Fisher, et al, 1990). The department is thorough in the recruitment of employees and only goes for the best qualified individuals in the market. Hiring is on merit. The human resource of Barclays Bank Kenya effectively takes part in the strategic plan of the company through ensuring effective communication from the employer to employees on company objectives. Another way the human resource of Barclays Bank stands out is the effective way in which it handles employee problems. They easily voice their concerns to the human resource without fear of victimization. Another benefit Barclays Kenya stands out for in the market is the benefits employees receive by working there. The company maintains a great pension scheme to allow the employees receive a good pension during retirement. In addition, human resource fosters good relations with employees by working on employee welfare. The ban k holds an annual Family day to bring together the families of employees for a day of sports and fun. The bank also engages the employees in team building activities such as planting trees and offering community service. Human resource organizes community projects to allow employees give back to their communities. This gives employees a sense of pride and self realization by giving back to society. From the evident strong human resource management team in Barclays Bank Kenya, recommendations to other companies suggest that they borrow some of the strategies of the Bank to improve their own human resource departments. Barclays Bank is an international organization, and therefore has experience with several workers from various parts of the world and over a long period of time. Therefore, the human resource department of the company is mature in comparison to other companies. Many companies, especially in the developing world hire individuals based on prejudices such as ethnicity, nep otism, tribalism and discrimination. However, Barclays Bank Kenya, despite having its location in a developing company has a reputation of fairness in hiring as it takes employees based on merit only. Therefore, this practice ought to be adopted by many companies of the sort. A second recommendation that other companies ought to learn from Barclays Bank Kenya is the skill of listening to the opinions of employees. Many employees face harsh treatment and sometimes-unlawful dismissal due to airing of sensitive issues to management. However, the human resource ought to understand that employee opinion is fundamental in running a company and attaining the objectives. Complaints brought forward by employees require serious attention. Dismissing them as acts of rebellion by employees is naive and only leads to poor relations between employers and employees. Therefore, employee feedback requires encouragement, even if it incriminates the administration. Listening to employees reduces strik es, demonstrations and go slows. Therefore, other human resource departments ought to emulate the ethical behavior of Barclays Bank Kenya of listening to their employees and acting on the issues brought forth. In the long run, it promotes the success of the company due to encouraging good relationships between employees to the human resource department (Bianca, 2013). Companies receive recommendation to emulate the human resource practice of Barclays Bank

Is violence necessary to maintain or have a moral society Essay

Is violence necessary to maintain or have a moral society - Essay Example Discussed in this paper are the differing standpoints with regard to the role of violence in maintaining a moral society. Violence is an immoral act Throughout the years, scholars struggled to explain the concept of morality. They tackled issues such as, â€Å"good and evil†, â€Å"origin of sin† among others in attempt to understand the complexity of morality. Pacifists view violence as an immoral act that results in further degradation of the society. Individuals with this standpoint believe in amicable resolution of conflicts whereby, opposing sides set their differences aside and work towards reaching a compromise. The process of conflict resolution is lengthy and riddled with many barriers; therefore, ensuring proper communication channels exist proves crucial in mitigating the conflict. Effective communication hinges on both parties listening to each other’s grievances without passing any judgment or exuding verbal or non-verbal mockery. It also entails dev eloping sensitivity to each other’s cultural background whereby, each party must make a conscious effort to avoid using language and actions that are automatically perceived by the other party as overt disregard for their culture. For example, throwing a shoe at person in the Arab culture symbolizes the highest level of disrespect; in 2008, a journalist threw his show at the former president G.W. Bush during his visit to Iraq for conflict resolution talks. The presence of a neutral third party charged with the responsibility of mediating the conflict enable feuding parties to address their concerns in a rational manner. For example, feuding countries rely on peace delegates to mediate their amicable conflict resolution talks in order to prevent the onset of war, which is likely to result in civilian casualty and immense destruction of property. Pacifists encourage the use of non-violent methods, which entail preventing the infliction of injury or harming others. These methods negate the use of physical force or verbal threats by encouraging the use of peaceful methods to foster lasting, positive political and social change. Pacifists bear in mind the negative repercussions of resorting to violence such as counter-violence. The vengeful nature of majority of humans compels them to engage in counter-violence aimed at retaliating against instigators of preceding violent acts. This perpetuates enmity failing to address initial problems that triggered violent outbursts. Individuals using non-violent methods have greater control over their message making these methods an effective form of protest. For example, in Mahtma Ghandi led the Non Cooperation Movement in 1920s, which entailed resignation from nominated positions in the legislative government and surrendering of titles with the sole intention of protesting oppression by the government. The media provides a platform for these protestors to express their grievances. However, dealing with the media might result in complications especially when conflicts exist between a minority group and large institutions such as the government. The latter have the power to censure the media; for example, the government might pass absurd statutes that restrict the freedom of the media. Such circumstances are responsible for triggering violent outbursts, which result in degradation of

Music during WW2 and how it played a role Essay Example for Free

Music during WW2 and how it played a role Essay Music during World War 2 was made to help get people through depression and motivate the men and women fighting in Europe and Asia. Everyone was into patriotism at this time including the music they listened to. At this time music has expanded its demographic to younger audiences, before it popular music was mainly appealing for adults. It contained many uplifting styles of music such as swing, be-bop, and country. For example Frank Sinatra became very popular to the young teenage demographic. He was the first singing teen idol. He created more swinging music to help with the war with songs like The Birth of the Blues. Jo Stafford also became famous with her romantic World War 2 ballads. Most of her songs helped the troops overseas remember their wives and girlfriends back home. Other songs also helped like America Calling by Meredith Willson, which helped boost morale of the country and convinced men to enlist into the armed services. It reminds them about what this war is about and to support it. Angels of Mercy by Irving Berlin, which was created after the bombing of Pearl Harbor dedicating the American Red Cross nurses, portraying them as Angels of Mercy wounded victims overseas. Back Home For Keeps by Carmen Lombardo, which is about a wife waiting for her husband to return home. This song gave a good mood and also helped support the war. Cowards Over Pearl Harbor by Fred Rose, which gave great American Spirit by talking about how America will over Japan, the evil country. G. I. Blues by Floyd Tillman, which describes the view of an American Soldier at war. It describes them as being lazy and doing nothing, which makes him depressed and wanting to come home. His thinks that if they continue to have lazy soldiers, America will not be able to win. Hello Mom by Eddie Dunstedter, which was about more about the propaganda during the war and gave more morale. Plus, it also supported the war bonds. It helped the parents who had a son in the war make them feel better. Ma! I Miss You Apple Pie by a G.I. at a training camp, which summed up what America is fighting for. The Apple Pie symbolizes Americas Freedom and how a soldier misses his Apple Pie. Wonder When My Babys Coming Home by Kermit Goell and Arthur Kent, which is yet another  song about a wife or girlfriend waiting for her lover to come home, waiting in her house. Ive been Drafted Now Im Drafting You by Lyle Moraine Chuck Foster, which is about the pains about separation and a soldier convincing his girlfriend to be proud to so him in uniform. In conclusion, the music during World War 2 where mainly about the war, patriotism, propaganda, and much more with lyrics that helped Americans get through the war years.

Environmental and Consumer Influences Analysis

Environmental and Consumer Influences Analysis Introduction When purchasing an item, there are a number of factors that influence the final decision of the buyer. Whether it is a good or a service, there is a process that drives an individual to go for an item and forego the other. He or she takes an evaluation of the product in regard to the market potential before buying, during the action of buying, and even after the final transaction has been made, that is after buying. In other words, it is worth noting that that this is a cognitive process that leads to a specific action among many alternatives. When identifying the decision making process, one notes that consumer behavior becomes the area of concern, in that selecting an item will have impact after transaction has been made, (Connell, 2008). In this essay, I am going to identify and broaden the explanation concerning how psychological, social and some external factors affect the consumer’s decision of purchasing an item such as a communication gadget. Psychological factors These are factors that affect an individual’s mind before making the final decision of purchasing a communication gadget. They constitute of consumers thought, feelings, reasoning, likes and dislike of that product. Attitude, perception and personality are some of the psychological factor that influence the decision making process. On this note, I am going to have a brief explanation how these three factors influence the consumer behavior. Attitude According to Hogg, (2005), attitude refers to individual’s opinions or feelings within the context of marketing, usually expressed through behavior. These components are highly interdependent and will be among the final determinants of the overall forces that will influence buying. In a brief note, an individual may have a certain belief concerning the originality of a product. In this case, he or she is going to be selective basing argument on producers that is the country of origin. A consumer may argue that communication gadgets from a given country are known to be the best in the world, hence rejecting those from competing nations. Perception Perception is the unique way about how an individual understand or view something. Psychology bases arguments to the stimuli being exposed to an individual’s mind. A number of factors affect how one perceives products. Exposure, interpretation, subliminal stimuli and certain laws such as Weber’s law are used to give a psychological explanation of perception. Connell, (2008) says that the number of times an individual gets exposed to a given product will influence his or her purchasing decision. In this case, exposure links to final interpretation making an individual to prefer a mobile phone from a particular company to that of a competing company. This is due to personal views in terms of shape, color and size. Weber’s law supports perception involvement in decision making process with the argument that, even though there may be a little change between the current and the original product, an individual may not experience these changes. He or she will therefore insist purchasing one similar to the one originally exposed to. Closely linked to perception, there is personality, which I have independently explained below. Personality-Every individual has that uniqueness, which makes him or her to behave in a particular way especially in social situations. For instance, if a person is willing to purchase a mobile phone, he or she is going to choose one reflecting his current status in terms of prestige or economic status. Personality is dynamic and involves a pattern of thoughts including feelings and social adjustments that will exhibit consistently hence influencing overall expectation which in turn link to attitude, values and self-perception, (Connell, 2008). Social factors In the decision making process, social factors also has an influence. Among these factors are those fact and experiences influencing or controlling an individual’s lifestyle and personality. They are the factors that affect and direct an individual’s lifestyle dictated by societal expectations. Some of these factors are family, social class and reference groups one has identified him or herself with and the reference groups. Family- This is the basic unit of companionship through birth, marriage or co-residence. A family may influence an individual’s decision of purchasing a product in a very convincing manner. Psychologists such as Karl Marx and Engel has put forward theories to explain the how families may change their structure and effects of such changes. According to their theories, an individual is always tied to decision making process on the basis of this basic unit of identification. For instance, if one is willing to purchase a new mobile phone, the number of people in the family who will be able to use it will influence the final decision. It may sound awkward incase an individual purchase an item and he becomes the only person who can use it with minimal coach maybe due to his or her education status. Social class- Apart from the family, there is that social group or status one is identified with. For instance, an individual may have identified him or herself with a high class group, (Hogg, 2005). This will in turn limit his or her decisions in purchasing items since it must fit with the group requirement. In this case, one will be forced to purchase an expensive phone which might be the latest to be introduced in the market so as to reveal a rich status. On the other hand, an individual from the lower class will prefer a simple communication gadget that will be cheap and will successfully service his or her communication. Reference groups In addition, the kind of daily interactions an individual makes will also determine the type of mobile phone to purchase. There exist different types of groups that a person may interact with on daily basis and in the long run be the ultimate determiners of the model, type, price and even the performance of the item. In this case, one will try to associate him or herself with the group by purchasing a phone similar to majority of the peer. External factors Other than the internal factors, (Connell, 2008), there are other influences that can have an impact on the final decision concerning the purchasing of a mobile phone. They include technology, culture and political influences. Technology It refers to knowledge involved in making and modification of tools for effective usage. Technology may hinder, promote or limit an individual’s desire and ability to purchase an item, in this case a mobile phone. This is because the preference of the buyer may not be available in the market. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, an individual may purchase an item at certain moments so as to gain prestige or self-actualization. This therefore means if one wants the latest model of mobile phone, technology will limit what to purchase due to availability. For instance, a certain model may not be available making an individual to purchase the best offered in the locality though it may not be identified as the best model of his or her wish. Culture-This is a set of beliefs, ideas and ways in which individuals in a particular group or organization behave. The above sets of conditions are the ultimate determinants of how a person will behave in a society. In the case of decision making process, there are situations whereby what one can purchase is limited to the likes and dislikes of the society. For instance, a person might be willing to purchase a mobile phone with a different country of originality yet their country produces phones and in turn limits import of other models. This will limit such a decision and in the long run, one will be required to promote the society one lives in. Political influence It is from politics where laws are amended and implemented. Political stability may promote or limits someone’s ability to move and acquire items of his or her wish. However, a given country may inhibit or promote entry of certain products hence influence an individual’s chance to purchase a product such as mobile phones. Conclusion Ranging from consumer’s own influences, it is now evident that the environment may also influence the ultimate decision of an individual to purchase a product. However, there is more other factor not explained in my essay. These include business ethics, brands, packaging, legal factors and ecological factors among others. References Hogg, M. K. (2005). Consumer behavior I: research and influences. London: SAGE Publications. Connell, K. Y. (2008). Ecological Consumer Decision Making: Nature, Process, and Barriers in Apparel Acquisition. ProQuest.

Case Study: Urbanisation In Nairobi

Case Study: Urbanisation In Nairobi With an ever-growing global population have come changes in the way that cities emerge and develop, with urbanization being one of the most prominent. While only 10% of the worlds population lived in cities in 1900, this percentage has now ballooned to over 50% (Benton-Short Short, 2008, p. 66). During this period of urbanization, trends characterizing urbanizing cities have developed, each posing their own unique challenges for urban planners. These trends include: the emergence of predominant age groups, variations in the size and distribution of cities, environmental degradation, the introduction of institutional changes and participatory planning, and changes due to poor economic conditions. A city is largely defined by its residents. While developed and transitional countries are characterized by aging populations, it is estimated that 60% of residents in urban areas of developing countries will be under the age of 18 by the year 2030 (United Nations Human Settlements Programme [UN-Habitat], 2009, p. 10). These countries will also see their young urban populations grow by 50% within the next 40 years (ibid, p. 10). A country defined by older citizens and a declining or negative growth rate has different priorities and needs than a rapidly growing country with a young populace. These distinctions create different challenges for urban planners. Urban planners of developed and transitional countries are faced with the problem of renewing cities now in their deindustrialization phase. They have to transform areas and structures that have been abandoned by redeveloping waterfronts and brownfields, supported by programs such as the Brownfields Initiative in the United States, so that these areas can contribute to the future growth of the city (Benton-Short Short, 2008, p. 83). They also need to consider how current health systems and facilities for the elderly population can be updated and expanded to accommodate the aging baby boom population. Urban planners in the global south, however, are tasked with developing infrastructures to supply rapidly growing populations with housing, water, and sanitation. Systems need to be developed that will support the surge in young residents, providing facilities and programs that will serve this age group as they begin to shape the future of the city. The emergence of predominant age groups challenges planners to consider the specific needs of that age group. As cities grow in population, they also tend to grow in physical size and expand outwards. This expansion is apparent as the majority of the worlds urban population lives in cities and towns of less than 500,000 people rather than in megacities, which are home to populations of at least 10 million (Benton-Short Short, 2008, p. 73; UN-Habitat, 2009, p. 11). In developed countries like Canada and the United States, this growth has manifested itself in the form of sprawl, creating suburbs that are made up of homogeneous segregated uses: housing subdivisions, shopping centers, office/business parks, large civic institutions, and roadways heavily dependant on collector roads (Randolph, 2004, p. 37). These suburbs are auto-centric, characterized by their residents tendency to travel by personal vehicle. Planners must consider how to guide a citys growth and maintain its sustainability in the midst of the air pollution and high energy consumption associated with automobiles. Unlike these d eveloped countries, Hostovsky (2010b) notes that growth in the developing world has manifested itself as over-urbanization rather than sprawl (p. 19). Huge populations form cities in these countries, which are then surrounded by informal housing areas known as shantytowns or slums. Since shantytowns are considered illegal, there is often no government support to provide the infrastructure necessary for adequate water supply, sanitation, electricity, trash collection, etc. (Benton-Short Short, 2008, p. 90). Planners are challenged to consider how to approach these underserved communities as previous attempts to formalize these areas have resulted in further deterioration in quality of life (UN-Habitat, 2009, p. 12). Urban planners must consider how sprawl and over-urbanization affect the countries in which they occur, and ensure that infrastructures reach the necessary distances and serve the huge numbers of underprivileged citizens that they need to. There is also an alarming trend of environmental degradation and an increasing frequency of natural disasters. Climate change is soon expected to affect the worlds ability to access water, produce food, and maintain healthy populations (ibid, p. 2). Exacerbating this issue of climate change is the proliferation of suburbs and industries that rely on oil as an energy source, leading to significant increases in greenhouse gas emissions (ibid, p. 3). The climate change issue is one that all countries must consider, be they developed, transitional, or developing. Countries are faced with the challenge of supplying their populations with access to food and water in an environment that will no longer be able to sustain such large populations and rapid growth. If the entire globe were to live at the same standards as North Americans, two additional planets would be required to accommodate the increase in ecological load (Hostovsky, 2010a, p. 35). In addition to the degradation of the natura l environment, has come an increase in the frequency of natural disasters. The global rate of occurrence has increased fourfold since 1975, with a threefold increase in Africa in the past 10 years (UN-Habitat, 2009, p. 14). Of particular concern is the fact that disasters have the greatest impact on the poorest of the poor. Of the 270 million people affected by disasters in 2002, 98% of those people were residents of low-income countries (Benton-Short Short, 2008, p. 125). This can be charged to the fact that these low-income countries simply do not have the financial capability to implement disaster preparedness programs like developed countries. Planners will need to use innovative ways to build infrastructures that will be able to withstand these natural disasters and mitigate the economic and human life losses that ensue. By mitigating climate change and planning for natural disasters, urban planners have a significant role in ensuring that the expected population growth is sus tainable with one planet. The trends of urbanizing cities are occurring not only amidst changes in the natural environment, but also changes in the political environment. Governments are no longer in the same form as when these cities were first founded. Citizens are demanding participatory approach to planning, no longer willing to merely accept the planning decisions of their leaders (UN-Habitat, 2009, p. 3). Planners will need to recognize that public consultations will partially guide their work and that their work will only be effective in a political environment that is stable (ibid, p. 3). All of the trends discussed above exist in an economic context, one that has changed significantly over the past century. Economies of the world have become integrated through the process of economic globalization. As a result of this globalization, all countries are feeling the effects of the current recession. This recession is expected to decrease the amount of funding available for urban development projects, increase unemployment rates, and exacerbate current poverty levels (ibid, p. 12). All countries, regardless of whether they are developed, transitional, or developing, will have to face these financial issues. Planners will be faced with the challenge of developing sustainable urban centres with limited budgets. With the trends associated with urbanizing cities (the emergence of predominant age groups, variations in the size and distribution of cities, environmental degradation, the introduction of institutional changes and participatory planning, and changes due to poor economic conditions) come unique challenges for urban planners to ensure that this rapid urbanization is successful and sustainable. Part 2 A Global City: Nairobi, Kenya Overview Located in eastern Africa, Nairobi is the capital city of Kenya (see Figure 1). With 3 million residents, the citys population is growing at a rate of 3.8% per year (Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2007). The majority of the residents are between 15-64 years of age, with a median age of 18.7 (Central Intelligence Agency [CIA], 2010). Nairobi was founded in 1902 by the British colonial government and informal housing has been developing there ever since (Warah, 2001, p. 1). The colonial government believed that Africans did not need, nor deserve, accommodation as they were the source of disease (Republic of Kenya, 2005, p. 4). Strict regulations and planning laws restricted the Africans access to urban land in order to isolate them from the Europeans and as a result, informal housing began being built on the perimeter of the cities (ibid, p. 4). These areas were soon destroyed and the residents were forced to return to rural areas. When Kenya achieved independence in 1963, new legislation was introduced that provided subsidized housing, but these subsidies favoured middle and upper income groups even though 70% of the demand for this housing came from the poor (ibid, p. 4). In the 1970s to early 1980s, the government provided minimal services to the slum communities, but when Structural Adjustment Programmes were introduced in 1986, the government no longer provided subsidies, causing life in the shantytowns to further deteriorate (Warah, 2001, p. 2). In the past, there have been attempts to upgrade these shantytowns but lack of affordability, high standards for infrastructure, land tenure complication, misallocation and administrative inefficiency have caused mixed results (Republic of Kenya, 2005, p. 5). The Republic of Kenya and United Nations came together in 2000 to develop the Kenya Slum Upgrading Programme (KENSUP) which is in the process of implemented (ibid, p. 5). Sixty-percent of Nairobis population lives in slums that cover 5% of the citys land (UN-Habitat, 2010). In these slums, only 20% of residents are connected to electricity and 4% have water connections, while solid waste disposal services are nearly nonexistent (ibid). Economy Nairobi began as a stop on the Kenya Uganda Railway (Mitullah, 2003, p. 1). Although it used to be a mere stop on the route, the city became a centre for commercial trade and business when the railways headquarters were moved from Mombasa to Nairobi in 1899 (ibid, p. 1). Today, over 86% of Nairobis residents participate in the citys economy (ibid, p. 4). The citys labour force is comprised of 67,900 individuals in[the] manufacturing industry, 39,700 in building and construction; 57,300 in trade, restaurants, and hotels, 42,200 in finance, insurance, real estate and business services; while community, social, and personal services [employ] 155,900 people (ibid, p. 4). Although so many residents are employed in these formal industries, the majority of people still engage in informal economic activities such as small trade because employment in the informal sector has grown by 176% while formal sector employment has contracted by 0.43% (ibid, p. 4, see Figure 3). As Kenyas capital city, Nairobi also plays a large role in the countrys economy, serving as the regional core for trade and finance (CIA, 2010). It is through this trading capability that Kenya can export almost $4.5 billion worth of tea, coffee, petroleum products, fish and cement to the United Kingdom, Netherlands, Uganda, Tanzania, the United States and Uganda (ibid) per year. Social Issues Nairobi is home to one of the largest slums in the world, Kibera (see Figure 2), which has a population of over 1 million residents (Amnesty International, 2009). Kibera is plagued by social inequities and issues, some of the most prominent being the high rate of HIV/AIDS, the high levels of youth crime, and inequality for women. Youth in Kenya usually only receive ten years of schooling (CIA, 2010). With the lowest literacy rate in the country, Nairobi youth are not empowered to solve their own problems and problems of the community (City Council of Nairobi, 2009, p. 7). This lack of education continues with them and affects the quality of decisions that they make in the future. For example, leaders failed to recognize the effectiveness of antiretroviral treatment programs in the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS and it is estimated that their delay in making these programs available led to 3.8 million person-years lost in South Africa from 2000-2005 (Harvard School of Public Health, 2008). Over 1.2 million of the countrys population is estimated to be living with this disease with 150,000 dying each year, making Kenya 4th in the world in terms of the number of deaths attributed to this disease (CIA, 2010). There is a lack of education and social stigma surrounding this disease that prevents the country f rom mitigating its horrible effects. Crime is another issue that proliferates throughout Kenya and Nairobi. The frequency of crimes such as armed robbery, murder, mugging, car-jacking, housebreaking, physical and sexual assault have all been increasing (UN-Habitat, 2007, p. 1). A trend is also occurring where the majority of crimes are committed by youth. In fact, over 50% of convicted prisoners are between the ages of 16 to 25 (ibid, p. 1). The Mungiki movement is a key case of this. The movement is considered the most organized criminal group in the country. They are responsible for the death of 23 residents in 2002, imposing illegal taxes, and controlling the security, water and electricity in slums (ibid, p. 1). Although the residents of Kibera are all exposed to the issues that face the shantytown, women are particularly affected by this negative environment. They are not given the same access to education, they are expected to care for their families, and they are not protected by the police force. Although women are given access to an education, they are often so burdened with home responsibilities that they drop out of school. They feel this burden because they not only take care of their own siblings and children, but they often end up caring for orphans whose parents passed away from HIV. As a teacher in the area notes, [Girls] are not given time to learn and study at home. So that means they will eventually fail (Amnesty International, 2009). These women are not only underprivileged but they are also invisible to the systems that should be meant to protect them. The corridors of these slums are unsafe, especially at night. Should a woman be raped, her report to the police would be use less unless she herself can find the perpetrator herself (ibid). As a result, fewer reports are filed and the vicious cycle that allows these acts to occur continues on. Nairobi residents, especially those of slums like Kibera, are often uneducated, without the knowledge to protect themselves from HIV/AIDS and the growing rates of youth crime. Women and girls are often the greatest impacted due to the social inequality towards women, without the opportunity to receive a proper education and subject to the apathy of the police force. Environmental Issues and Infrastructure As mentioned previously, Nairobi is home to Kibera, one of the largest shantytowns in the world (Amnesty International, 2009). These areas of informal housing are exposed to the environmental issues. Residents are plagued by issues in air pollution, solid waste management, and potable water supply and sanitation. Like many cities in North America, increased use of personal vehicles has caused an increase in air pollution in Nairobi. The pollution is also created from industries, charcoal fire, and the incineration of waste in open pits (City of Nairobi, 2007, p. 8). This air pollution has already led to a loss of biodiversity, an increase in acid rain and climate change (ibid, p. 8). Nairobi only has one solid waste disposal dump at Dandora, which is believed to have already reached full capacity (City of Nairobi, 2007, p. 9). With nowhere to dispose of their waste, residents of Nairobi slums have resorted to illegal dump yards, residential backyards and commercial property (ibid, p. 9). Over 50% of the wastes are organic (ibid, p. 9), and when these materials decompose, residents are exposed to high levels of bacteria and vector borne diseases such as malaria and Rift Valley fever (CIA, 2010). The most evident environmental issue in Nairobi is related to its water supply and sanitation. Water is crucial to the survival of all living things, and yet, only 42% of Nairobi households have access to clean water (City Council of Nairobi, 2007, p. 11). Further exacerbating this issue of lack of clean water is the fact that contaminated water is not always treated. In fact, only two-thirds of Nairobi residents have access to sanitation, with many slum residents using a pit latrine that is shared by many people (ibid, p. 12). Forced to fetch potentially unclean water from other sources, residents are exposed to dangerous water-borne diseases which are responsible for 30% of deaths in the global south (Benton-Short Short, 2008, p. 163). Residents are at a high degree of risk for waterborne diseases such as bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, typhoid fever, and schistosomiasis (CIA, 2010). Part 3 Conclusions Africa is one of the regions experiencing the greatest rate of urbanization in the world (UN-Habitat, 2009, p. 10). Although this urbanization provides new opportunities for economic and social growth, it also poses unique challenges and issues for the development of cities such as Nairobi. Planners need to consider trends that are true of most urbanizing cities (the emergence of predominant age groups, variations in the size and distribution of cities, changes due to poor economic conditions, and an increasing susceptibility to disasters), but also focus on the issues that are specific to Nairobi. Nairobi has a growing population of young people. With the lowest literacy rate in the country, Nairobi youth are not empowered to solve their own problems and problems of the community (City Council of Nairobi, 2009, p. 7). These youth are also at a high risk for HIV/AIDS and are susceptible to being influenced by organized crime groups. If planners manage to develop systems that will educate and protect these young residents, they may reduce the risk of contracting such a deadly disease and the crime rate. Like other urbanizing cities, Nairobi is growing in size as its population increases. However, unlike North America where this growth has been characterized by the emergence of suburbs, Nairobi has been over-urbanized. Since Africa is dominated by a few key cities, planners must be prepared to deal with the sprawl, congestion and environmental effects that are often associated with urban primacy (UN-Habitat, 2009, p. 12). While the entire world is experiencing more natural disasters, Africa is at the peak of this, experiencing a three-fold increase in the past 10 years alone (UN-Habitat, 2009, p. 14). Since lower-income countries are more susceptible to both capital and human loss due to the lack of disaster recovery programs, Nairobi will be faced with the challenge of building infrastructures and implementing programs that will help in the mitigation of loss during these disasters. Finally, these trends and issues faced by Nairobi are occurring in the worst economic recession since 1945 (UN-Habitat, 2009, p. 12). Planners will be faced with the task of building new infrastructures and implementing new programs with less financial support, and in an environment where unemployment and poverty levels are rising. Nairobi will encounter a long journey before it can become an ideal model of a global urbanizing city. Its greatest weakness is its lack of an official plan. The latest approved city plan was developed in 1948, with a revised version submitted in 1973 that was never approved (City of Nairobi, 2007, p. 3). Without a plan, leaders and citizens can never expect to develop a city that is successful and sustainable. Figure 1 Map of Kenya (CIA, 2010) Figure 2 Kibera, a slum in Nairobi (Amnesty International, 2010) Figure 3 Comparison of formal and informal sectors (Mitullah, 2003, p. 4)

Anabolic Steroid Use in Major League Baseball (MLB) - Steroids Must be

Anabolic Steroid Use in Major League Baseball (MLB) - Steroids Must be Banned Athletes, whether they are young or old, pro or amateur, are always looking to gain an advantage over their opponent. Some may look towards an anabolic steroid, a powerful drug that many people take in order to boost athletic performance. But are these anabolic steroids safe for the human body? Many doctors think the answer to this question is no. The use of steroids in the MLB should be banned, as they are now. In the 1930’s, steroids were known to be used for homosexuals to lower there testosterone. In the past few decades, steroids have been found mostly in college, the Olympics, and in professional sports. But today, steroids are being found in middle and high schools. Most commonly, steroids have been found in athletes involved in sports that rely on strength and size, like football, wrestling, or baseball, in endurance athletes where athletes are involved in track-and-field and swimming, in athletes involved in weight training or bodybuilding, and in anyone interested in building and defining...

Drunk Comparison :: Essays Papers

Drunk Comparison After around two hours in a bar the way I carry myself is definitely different from the time I walked in. I’ve never considered myself much of a drinker, especially before I came to college. I had never appreciated the way beer had tasted, or it could have been only because I was exposed to some of the more disgusting ones. When I lived in my hometown only a few months earlier I attended tons of parties. Most of them were always hosted by the fellow alcoholic teenagers, and supplied the cheapest beer they could get hold of. I can recall filling my cup with the foamy cold beer that poured from the tap, and sipping it for hours. â€Å"I just don’t like beer!† I would reply to my male friends when asked why I wasn’t drinking much. After a few hours at the party I would realize that I was the most sober one there. The first day I came to Fredonia, I went to check the bars out. I first drank a few beers I recognized and then asked around for the names of some mixed drinks. The first one I tried was a Blue Whale; I loved it. I figured; if one mixed drink tasted good I’m sure that others would too. Drinking had finally turned into something that was fun to me. Now after partying for a few hours, I was no longer the sober one in the group. On my way to a party or a bar I am completely sober. I am aware of the surroundings around me and am capable of walking in a straight line. When I speak, my language is pretty much perfect and everyone has a clear understanding of what I am trying to say. In my mind I know what is exactly going on and concentrating on something is easy. Knowing that I am on my way to a party or bar I tend to be excited. I am usually energetic and hyper; realizing that I will finally be having fun after all the work I had done during the week. As I continue to make my way to my destination I am aware that the way I feel and think will most likely change by the end of the night.

Physics Summary Sheet

Physics Glossary Electric circuit – one simple, complete conducting circuit pathway Electronic gadget – a machine that consists of multiple circuits and transducers Transducer – device that converts energy from one form to another Input transducer – converts other forms of energy (sound, light, heat) into electrical energy, e. g. microphone Output transducer – converts electrical energy into other forms of energy, e. g. peakers Processor Component – found in electronic gadgets, receives signals from input transducer and responds by operating the output transducer Transistor – device found in processors that can amplify electrical signals or act as a switch Diodes – also found in processors, allows the electric current to flow in only one direction Semi-conductor – a material whose ability to conduct electricity is somewhere between a conductor and insulator LED – a light emitting diode, which is a transistor which transforms electric current into thermal and light energy.Found in traffic lights, car lamps and indicator lights, and are sturdy, operate for a longer time and use less energy than standard lights.Integrated circuit – a usually complex circuit with many components, and is packaged into a small unit called a chip Magnetic field – is created when an electric charge moves; it is a region where a permanent experiences a magnetic force of attraction or repulsion Electromagnet – is created when a coil of wire is wrapped around a soft piece of iron when an electric current flows through the wire the magnetic field it creates causes the domains in the iron to line up, creating a strong magnet Domains – the magnetic regions the iron atoms arrange themselves into that act like tiny magnets with north and south poles Electricity – The collection of physical effects related to the force and motion of electrically charged particles, typically electrons, throug h or across matter and space Electromagnetic Gadget – A machine that consists of a coil wire wrapped around a soft piece of iron when electric current flows through the wire the magnetic field it creates causes the domains in the iron to line up, creating a strong magnet Light – Electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived by the human eye, it is made up of electromagnetic waves Electromagnetic Spectrum – A range of electromagnetic energy which includes light that we can see and light that we cannot see. An example of light we cannot see is radio waves Transparent – Having  the  property  of  transmitting  rays  of  light  through  its substance Translucent – Permitting light to pass through but diffusing it so that persons, objects, etc. , on the opposite side are not clearly visible Opaque – Does not allow light to pass through Reflection – The  change  in  direction  of  a  wave,  such  as  aà ‚  light  or  soundwave,  away  from  a  boundary  the  wave  encounters Refraction – When light travels from one medium to another, it speeds up or slows down Our eyes: contain two different photoreceptors; rods which detect light and cones which detect colour -our eye detects primary colours with only one type of cone -secondary colours created by multiple cones ‘firing’ simultaneously. Our eyes: -contain two different photoreceptors; rods which detect light and cones which detect colour -our eye detects primary colours with only one type of cone -secondary colours created by multiple cones ‘firing’ simultaneously. Our eyes: -contain two different photoreceptors; rods which detect light and cones which detect colour -our eye detects primary colours with only one type of cone -secondary colours created by multiple cones ‘firing’ simultaneously. Our eyes: contain two different photoreceptors; rods which detect light and cones which detect colour -our eye detects primary colours with only one type of cone -secondary colours created by multiple cones ‘firing’ simultaneously. LIGHT Our eyes: -contain two different photoreceptors; rods which detect light and cones which detect colour -our eye detects primary colours with only one type of cone -secondary colours created by multiple cones ‘firing’ simultaneously Human Eye * We see images in our retinas because the fovea in the central of the retina controls the eyes sharpest vision and is the location of most colour perception, which is how we see.

Integration Discussions to Include in Learning Portfolio Essay

The term communication was derived from the Latin ‘communis’ meaning â€Å"to share† that is, sharing of concepts and ideas, feelings and emotion. In a literal sense however, communication means to inform to tell, to show, or to spread information (Singh, Amrik, Yadav, & Seema 2003, p. 1). Communication is vital to any organization as it constitute the life of the entire organization while culture is the essence of an organization. When the management becomes concern on results and outcomes rather than on the techniques and processes, the management becomes concern only on employees’ productivity but not with their welfare. Business organization should be people oriented and its written communication or its policies must be clearly and rightly enforce and should not hinder employees from enhancing their full productivity potential. Maydan (2003) pointed out that organizations, as entities, â€Å"are also embedded in cultures, and organizing is a communication process† (p. 1). In a sense, organizational culture and policies it self are both part of communication. Thus, poor policies and policies that are poorly enforced both affects the organizational performance as well as the organizational life of business organization. It means that the employees’ effectiveness is affected by poor implementation of policies such as limiting employee’s communication with other employees in other departments and also employees’ access to management because it effectively isolate them from people they perceive as source of moral strength and information. It also effectively weakens their productivity. It is widely accepted that team work provides a better working relationship in any business organization. Here the degree to which work activities are organized around teams rather than individuals enhances the employees’ effectiveness and productivity. This is clearly illustrated in the game of basketball. Teams that play as a team have higher chances of winning. Team work also creates fun as working together for a common cause â€Å"creates group spirit, lightens up the atmosphere, and reduces tensions and conflicts (Dinsmore & Cabanis-Brewin, 2006). Team work is an example of effective communication. How the problem of communication could be avoided There are perhaps a number ways to avoid the problem of communication. Management should allow employees some freedom to communicate freely with other employees on matters relating to their jobs. Having a delivery person to convey messages to other department in the same business organization delays important communications that are may be vital for the company’s growth. Business companies should be people oriented than profit oriented by focusing more on their employees welfare. It is true that even losers can turn into winners when they properly motivated. Employees gain more confidence and satisfaction through increased self-esteem and pride in their organization. In this way, employees can enjoy their work and they will become more productive in return. Aside from allowing employees some freedom to communicate, the management should also encourage its employees to innovate and take risk rather control them forced them to do more work. Gryskiewicz (1993) aptly stated that risk taking does not mean â€Å"taking a blind chance† rather it is a decision to implement â€Å"a well-reasoned idea where benefits would far outweigh the loss, should that occur† (p. 119). The problem of communication can be avoided if the management would be more people oriented. That is, if the management allows their employees to make some mistakes but at low cost, and to let them try their ideas. Attention to detail and aggressiveness When companies pay attention to details and become more demanding to their employees to come up with better results, the more pressures they imposed on their employees to exhibit precision, analytical skills, and attention to details. However, this is counter productive because this does not encourage employees to be innovative or risk takers. The company should not create an organizational climate of fear rather; it should strive to create a climate of trust. That means, allowing employees to even commit mistakes and to let them acknowledge such mistakes. Paying attention to details however is not bad; indeed it is important that company management should pay attention to details though this does not guarantee success. Details of transactions, of goals and objectives, and of business strategy to be implemented are important for the management to aware of. But when it comes to committing mistakes and risk taking, the management should display trust and confidence in their employees. Aggressiveness on the other hand is an important character of any employee. People who are aggressive are competitive and achieved more. It is far desirable than easy going attitude. Being aggressive is a positive quality as it will get one ahead of others who are not aggressive. Going back to a game of basketball, a team who is more aggressive is likely to win the game. But aggressiveness is not always viewed as positive and beneficial quality. Many people tend to view aggressiveness as the tendency to actively oppose someone else’s position or viewpoint. But viewed in the context of competitiveness, aggressiveness is positive quality that can help employees achieved more. Reference Dinsmore, P. C. & Cabanis-Brewin, J. (2006) The AMA Handbook of Project Management USA: AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn Gryskiewicz, S. S. (1993) Discovering Creativity USA: Center for Creative Leadership Maydan, A. (2003) Understanding Organizations Through Culture and Structure USA: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Sing, Amrik, Yadav & Seema (2003) Business Communication India: Anmol Publication PVT. LTD

Gas Laws Lab Essay

Introduction: In this lab we are going to investigate behavior of gas by working with a molecular model. Factors that effect gas behavior our pressure, temperature, volume and the number of moles. We are going to keep to variables constant and record the relationship or change in the remaining factors. Independent variables: Temperature, number of moles, volume Dependent variable: Pressure Controlled variable: apparatus used (computer program downloaded from the internet), volume and number of moles Question: What is the relationship between pressure and temperature of a gas filled container with constant volume and number of moles? Hypothesis: temperature and pressure are directly related. As temperature increases pressure increases. Pressure is directly proportional to temperature when the number of moles and volume are kept constant. Procedure: Log on to the Internet and visit heinnemann.co.uk/hotlinks and enter the express code 4266S. Click on weblink 3.2 the simulation on the right will appear. In this simulation one can set the parameters as per desire. For this experiment we need to set the volume and number of moles constant. Three trials are done for accuracy. For the first trial, we need to set the volume constant. The volume will remain set to the default value. Then pump 100 heavy species particle in the container and keep them the same until the next trial. The temperature will automatically go to 300K, remove heat to lower the temperature to 150K. Record the pressure produced. Add 50K each time, before taking another reading until the temperature reach 500K. Record the change in pressure with simultaneous temperature in a table. Before starting the next trail hit the reset button. Before starting the second trail change the depth of the container to 3.4nm. Measure the depth with a ruler (the ruler is given as a tool for measurement). Pump 100 more heavy species in the container to make a total of 200 particles. Increase the temperature as done before with similar intervals and record the pressure in form of a table. Hit the reset again and start the final trail. For the third trial, increase the depth of the container to 9nm and pump in a total of 300 heavy species particle. Record the temperature and pressure in a table. The uncertainty in this experiment for temperature is +0.5K and for pressure is +0.5 Pa. Use the tables to graph the data to show the relationship between temperature and pressure. Conclusion and Evaluation: From the data collected and the graphs processed we can make out that pressure is directly related to temperature when the number of moles of particles and the volume of the container is kept constant. We know that as temperature increases the particles gain more energy and collide at a faster rate with each other and the wall of the container. As the number of collisions increases, the more the particles exert force on the walls of the container. The force that the particles have on the walls is known as the pressure. All the 3 graphs have a linear relationship and the slopes of their lines are the coefficient of the temperature because temperature is directly related to pressure. As shown by the graphs temperature is directly proportional to pressure. In other words keep the volume and the amount of gas constant and change the temperature (by heating or cooling) and observe the change in pressure (Pressure law: P=const*T). The lines are not straight and a line of best fit is used. The unevenness of the lines on the graphs shows that there are slight errors involved in the experiment. The errors included are systematic, analytical and random. As the pressure was fluctuating the value noted was randomly chosen. The temperature was sometimes a point higher or lower, which again caused the pressure gauge to give a slight of value. Also the uncertainty in the measurement of volume showed that there were some errors also included while taking the measurement of the container. Suggestions for improvements: The lab was precise because of the number of trials done but it could be accurate by reducing the errors made in the experiment. Try to hit the raise the temperature of the container in the simulation accurately if that is not possible try setting the default temperature to the desired value and record the pressure. This would allow the pressure gauge to be more accurate. When taking measurement of the container for volume with a ruler try to avoid the parallax error, which is created by not looking at the measurement perpendicularly. Take the mode value from all of the values produced by the pressure gauge and wait a minute or two after setting the temperature and before noting the temperature. This helps to get a more accurate reading because the particles get enough time to settle. By recording the pressure value after giving certain breaks in the experiment will help the lines on all the three graph to be less uneven and more accurate.

Effect of Stress on Beet Cells

The Effect of Temperature on Beet Cell Membranes Introduction In this lab, we are going to learn how the stress of temperature affects fresh beets. We have come to learn that cell membranes organize the chemical activities of cells. All cells are made of plasma membranes, often called fluid mosaics. It is sometimes described as a mosaic because it is made of protein molecules that are embedded into phospholipids. Phospholipids are the main structural support of the membrane and the proteins perform most of the functions of a membrane. Together they form boundaries or barriers between the cell itself and its surroundings, like the membrane of an egg. Plasma membranes also control what substances come in and out and also dispose of the cells waste. The membrane itself is composed primarily of phospholipids. Phospholipid molecules have two parts and form a sheet that has two layers, called a bi-layer. They are made up of two fatty acids which make up the tail end and the head is phosphate group. The head of this molecule is hydrophobic, which mean it is attracted to water and their tail is hydrophobic which means they dislike water. Together they form a bobby-pinned shaped barrier. Listed below is my hypothesis for this experiment. I hypothesize that tube 1 at 70 ° c the color intensity of leaked betacyanin will be 10. I hypothesize that tube 2 at 55 ° c the color intensity of leaked betacyanin will be 8. I hypothesize that tube 3 at 40 ° c the color intensity of leaked betacyanin will be 6. I hypothesize that tube 4 at 22 ° c the color intensity of leaked betacyanin will be 0. I hypothesize that tube 5 at 5 ° c the color intensity of leaked betacyanin will be 8. I hypothesize that tube 6 at -5 ° the color intensity of leaked betacyanin will be 10. Method The first thing that I did was label each test tube with numbers 1-6 and listed each corresponding temperature on the label. I cut six pieces of beet in the measurements that were given and rinsed them under tap water for 2 minutes. I then patted them with a paper towel to get off the excess water. I kept the pieces of beet in the paper towel while I got the other items ready. For the cold treatment I put one piece of beet in each beaker (5 and 6) and put tube 5 in the refrigerator and tube 6 in the freezer. I left them in there for 30 minutes. After 30 minutes, I covered each one with the same amount of tap water and let them soak for 20 minutes. After 20 minutes I took each beet out of the test tube, threw the beet away, but saved the colored water so I could chart later. For the room temperature and hot treatments I put each piece of beet into its marked test tube. For tube 1 (70 °c), I had to simmer water to get it to the correct temperature. I put the piece of beat into the beaker of water and waited one minute, I took it out and put it in beaker one, covered it with room temperature water and waited 20 minutes. Beet 2, 3 and 4 were all conducted the same way. I put the correct temperature of water into the beaker, let the beat soak for one minute, took the beet out of the beaker and covered with tap water in the test tube for 20 minutes. After 20 minutes I discarded all the beets so I could record my findings with the colored water that was left behind. Results: From doing this experiment I found that the more stressful environments you subject an item to the differently they act. It is cause and reaction. In tube number one the color intensity leak was at a ten, the highest number on the chart. I found that the heat seemed to open the pores of the beet to let the dye permeate the water. In tube 2 the color was at a 7. The water was still warm enough to allow the dye molecules to pass through the membrane. In tube 3, the water was at 40. This is still warm but not the color was not nearly as intense as the previous tube. The next tube charted was tube number 4. The beet was subjected to a temperature of only 22 °c. That temperature I would chart as â€Å"room temperature†. I found that the least amount of dye was leaked from the beet. For the cold methods I concluded that the amount of betacyanin that escaped from the cell membrane was intense, like the hot treatment results. I concluded that it didn’t have to be hot temperature stress to release betacyanin. Tube number 5 was placed into the refrigerator and the level of dye that permeated the water was charted at a 6. Tube 6 was placed in the freezer and was documented at a level of color intensity of a ten. Also, when the tube was pulled from the freezer the specimen has noticeably changed. It has a slight white, almost white frost or texture to it. Please see attachment and table below. Test Tube numberTreatment  °CColor Intensity (0 – 10) 170 10 255 7 340 5 422 1 55 6 6-5 10 Discussion I believe the result came out the way they did because of level of stress I put the beet through. When damage is done to a cell membrane it affects the entire vegetable. When the beet was put in such hot temperatures the cell membrane started to break down and leak the pigment through the cell wall, since the cell is semi-permeable. Like we spoke about in our text book, the cell membrane lets small molecules to pass through. When the beet was heated to 70 °c or cooled to -5 °c it was subjected to much more stress that at a normal room temperature, which the beet is grown and stored at. The various temperatures make the beet release its pigments. The extreme hot and cold acted as energy for the beet to release the red dye. The structures need to have a stable environment in order to establish their structure. My hypotheses were correct, for the most part. My numbers were not exact, but I had the general idea of what I thought would happen. I thought that the more stress you put on to a beet the great amount of pigment you would receive out of it. I figured that beets were stored at room temperature so if you put them in water that was the same temperature as the room it wouldn’t cause stress on the membrane, hence the least amount of pigment leakage. I was surprised at the amount of pigment that came from the beet. When I first cut the beet the pigment was all over the cutting board and the knife, not to mention by hands. Accuracy is key. Unfortunately, no matter how hard we strive to do things perfectly sometimes there are variables that can affect how the results are derived. In my experiment, I tried to cut each beet with precision. It is almost impossible to cut each beet the exact same and this could have slightly affected how my beets reacted to each session. The larger the surface of the beet the more pigment the beet has in it to release. Another variable could also be the freshness of the beets. My beets where purchased 1200 kilometers and two countries away from where I did the experiment and weren’t extremely firm like they should be. After doing research, I found that the older the beet is the more pigment it has. That could give me not as true of a reading. The last variable I could have experienced was the temperature of the room. The day the experiment was held it was 1 °c outside , so the heater was running full speed all day. I think the experiment could have had more true results if the room was at a more normal temperature. I think while doing the experiment the beets could have dried out slightly from the air in the house being so warm. When working with patients you need to understand the symptoms they have in order to help them. Let’s say I had a man with cancer come into the hospital and I was in charge of monitoring his pain level. If the man was on two different pain medications I would need to know how the two medications worked with each other in order to successfully help him. I would have to know how Morphine worked with Aspirin or how Motrin interacted with Tylenol. Having done this experiment, it has helped me understand how there is cause and effect to everything that we do on a daily basis. If I gave the man 10 cc’s of Motrin I can give him a Fentanyl lozenge later in the day if he is still in pain. That way I keep the side effects, such as nausea, to a minimum without overdoing the amount of morphine I give him. Also doing this experiment has given me the faith in myself to know that I can take action and do experiments, charting, researching and investigation if I want to know why something happens the way it does.

Masters in Public Administration Personal Statement - 1

Masters in Public Administration - Personal Statement Example It was, and still is, a source of great joy to inspire these youths to give back to the community by working in homeless shelters and assist in goodwill. Aside from my work with the youth, I also served with the United States Military in different bases, including Fort Irwin, Fort Riley, and 29 Palms, for two years, prior to getting deployed to Afghanistan at the beginning of 2009. My experience in the war zone was such a life changing experience that when I came back, my immediate impulse was to return to school with a strong sense of determination to get my life back on track. Full of resolve, I transferred in a year in spring and graduated the following year after spring semester. I took a lot of units and still managed to get good grades and showed great improvement after my transfer. I have some background in the public service, including volunteer work in non-profit agencies. My work for a non-profit organization was in the juvenile hall of the City of San Rafael. I was a case manager for the youth court, and I participated in the rehabilitation of first-time misdemeanor offenders. My work with youth offenders has made me realize that there is much I could do that could make a difference in their future, although many of them are unaware of this. I felt that these young people may grow into adult offenders if people like myself did not intervene at this particular time to point them down a different path. Aside from my work with the youth, I also did community service for the Tri City Homeless Shelter, and on a separate occasion I also performed community service for Goodwill. Among the different areas of public administration, I am particularly interested in Public Management and I hope to concentrate in this field. I became interested in the administration of government and non-profit institutions because I had seen both positive and negative aspects

You Are The Judge Papers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

You Are The Judge Papers - Essay Example A counter-argument from Zoom would be that it was Corrigan who had manufactured the compass, which was faulty and so Daniel should bring an action against them. It is evident on the facts that the compass was faulty and so it wouldn’t be a cause of installation by Zoom. The argument is more than likely to succeed and would therefore leave the forum of Daniel bringing an action against Corrigan under privity of contract, the law of which will now be discussed. Daniel can argue that since this was a contract whereby he acquired the subject matter that is the compass along with the car, he can enforce the contract against Corrigan (Linden Gardens Trust v Lenesta Sludge). Clearly Daniel does not have any direct remedy against Corrigan and so would be able to bring an action against them. Furthermore, another option that would be available for Daniel would be an order by court requiring the rectification and performance of fault and accepting such breach (Snelling v. John G Snelling). Corrigan can argue that they had a contract with Zoom and they are accountable to them and so Zoom and not Daniel should bring an action for breach of contract forward. This is a strong argument, which has to be rebutted by the principles of privity of contract, which have been discussed above and so would allow a claim by Daniel against Corrigan. Another argument that can be stated by Corrigan would be of faulty installation by Zoom. However, it is evident from the fact that the compass itself was faulty and thus such an argument is likely to fail. Finally the problem that can arise is that of foreseeability. Corrigan would state that medical costs should not be allowed because of the fact that even though the compass was faulty it was clearly not foreseeable that such an act would lead to injury. This argument is more than likely to succeed as the situations that have led to the injury and medical costs were more than unlikely and therefore Daniel

International Marketing Plan Part 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Marketing Plan Part 3 - Assignment Example The number of skating companies in the last couple of years has increased and it is expected that there will be new entrants in future as well (Bennett and Blythe, 2002). The biggest competitors in the skating industry are Rollerblade, Roces, Solomon and K2 and almost all of them make sure that they are available in all leading stores. International Skating will enter the market by supplying its products to the skate shops that sell the skates and its accessories in the specialty stores. Since its competitors are making sure that they are available in all the large chain stores which are the discount distributors as well. All the three products i.e. Skate Aids, Blade Boots and Skate Sails will be available in all the specialty stores. The reason for choosing the specialty stores is that the target market of Skate Aids is basically the premium market and they will go to these specialty stores to buy these exclusive products. Alongwith these skates, they will be able to buy other accessories as well and make huge amount of profit as well. Hence, this distribution policy will help the company in gaining the competitive edge. It is already mentioned in the marketing strategy that the company is focusing on the target market that is comprised of health and fitness, recreational and speed skaters. Since the company is targeting all the three sectors and has also developed in accordance with their requirements, it is expected that the company will be able to gain 80% of the market share. The competitive edge that the company has over its competitors is that it will offer product ranges within the reasonable price range so that the skaters can enjoy the most thrilling and exciting skating experience of their lives. The key target market can be said as the one that is trying to remain fit and health and for that they are looking for appropriate alternative to exercise. Since skating is one of the most exciting and thrilling sports, it is now the

Case of Vasiliy Gorshkov and Alexey Ivano Essay

Case of Vasiliy Gorshkov and Alexey Ivano - Essay Example There are readily available hacker tools that can be used by unskilled people to wreak havoc for financial gain or just for fun. The disturbing reality is that many people are not aware they are actually committing a crime until it is too late. This has been a serious problem for teachers, parents, governments and businesses trying to work hard to protect children and the general public from online threats. The best way to protect people from computer crime is by letting them understand what computer crime is all about. Computer crime can be viewed in three ways. The first one is attacking computers of other people by spreading malicious viruses. The second one is using a computer as a weapon to commit crime like illegal gambling or fraud. The third one is storing information in a computer illegally. Introduction In this case study of Vasiliy Gorshkov and Alexey Ivanov we are going to examine whether the FBI investigative techniques went too far in apprehending the two Russian cyber criminals. In addition to this, we will also investigate how the FBI used the law to apprehend the cyber criminals and whether their actions should stand scrutiny under the current U.S. cyber law. Furthermore, more case studies will be examined and the impact of cybercrime investigations of non-U.S. citizens will be discussed and analyzed. The overview has looked at what computer crime is all about and the definition can summarize computer crime as attacking computers of other people by spreading malicious viruses, using a computer to commit crime, and storing illegal information on a computer. Case study Ivanov a 20 year old computer programmer from Russia flew to Seattle in November 2000 to apply for a job in a company called Invita Security. He was promised a dream job and took with him Vasiliy Gorshkov, a fellow programmer. After their arrival in Seattle airport they were given interviews of hacking other networks which they proved to be very successful. They were later arrested by the FBI. In Washington on October 10, 2001, a jury found Vasiliy of Russia guilty on 20 counts of conspiracy on fraud and computer crimes. The targets of the computer crime include Nara Bank, Speakeasy Network, PayPal, National Bank of Waco, and many other companies. He faced a maximum prison term of five years on each count, and a possible prison sentence of 100 years and a fine of $250,000 on each count, although he was sentenced to three years in prison. Ivanov was also charged with conspiracy, hacking, extortion and computer fraud and was given a prison term of eight months and owes in excess of $800,000. Analysis of case study The Federal Bureau of Investigation in the case study did not follow any International Law in their pursuit of the two cyber criminals however the deceit to get them into America is commendable because it allowed the FBI to exercise the right legal justice system in apprehending them. This was done by using a fictional company called Invita that lured the two Russians and their success in hacking into Invita proved they were guilty of cyber crime. According to the United States law the right way in obtaining evidence is not by deceiving computer criminals into committing a crime rather it should be to catch criminals in the act of committing a crime